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Nozawa, Takashi; Hinoki, Tatsuya*; Koyama, Akira*; Tanigawa, Hiroyasu
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Silicon carbide composites (SiC/SiC) are promising candidate materials for fusion reactors with advanced features such as high thermal efficiency. This paper will provide a present status in development of design basis for quasi-ductile SiC/SiC as a structural application. For that purpose, failure behavior, i.e., matrix cracking behavior, of a new class of radiation-resistant SiC/SiC, e.g., a nano-infiltration transient-eutectic phase (NITE) SiC/SiC, was evaluated. With a fact of the notch-insensitivity and very minor size effect on the failure behavior, a stress criterion is suggested in failure of NITE-SiC/SiC.
Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Yamamoto, Masanori; Takemoto, Jumpei; Yamashita, Yasuo*; Dairaku, Masayuki; Kashiwagi, Mieko; Taniguchi, Masaki; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Umeda, Naotaka; Sakamoto, Keishi; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2008/10
The JADA contributes procurement of DC -1 MV ultra-high voltage (UHV) components such as a -1 MV DC generator, a transmission line and a -1 MV insulating transformer. The DC UHV insulation has been carefully analyzed since DC long pulse insulation is quite different from conventional AC insulation. The insulation structure has been designed and the overall dimensions of the DC UHV components have been finalized. The JADA contributes to provide an effective surge suppression system composed of core snubbers and resistors. Input energy into the accelerator from the power supply can be reduced to about 20 J which satisfies the design criteria of the total 50 J at -1 MV breakdown. From these studies, major technical issues were considered and the functional technical specifications of the UHV components have been developed for the procurement by the JADA.
Aiba, Nobuyuki; Tokuda, Shinji; Furukawa, Masaru*; Oyama, Naoyuki; Ozeki, Takahisa
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Effects of a toroidal rotation are investigated numerically on the stability of the MHD modes in the edge pedestal, which relate to the type-I edge-localized mode (ELM). A new linear MHD stability code MINERVA is developed for solving the Frieman-Rotenberg equation, which is the linear ideal MHD equation with flow. As the result of the stability analysis, it is revealed that the sheared toroidal rotation destabilizes the edge localized MHD modes. The change of the safety factor profile affects this destabilizing effect. This is because the rotation effect on the edge MHD stability becomes stronger as the toroidal mode number of the unstable MHD mode increases, and this toroidal mode number strongly depends on the safety factor profile.
Honda, Mitsuru; Takizuka, Tomonori; Fukuyama, Atsushi*; Yoshida, Maiko; Ozeki, Takahisa
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
The generation of the toroidal rotation due to the radial current torque induced by the charge separation is studied by using one-dimensional multi-fluid transport code TASK/TX. Taking account of the effect of the drift orbit, the charge separation occurs as long as trapped ions are generated, typically by near-perpendicular NBI. Coupling the TASK/TX code with the Orbit-Following Monte Carlo code OFMC, we have reproduced the toroidal rotation driven by the radial current by the near-perpendicular NBI with varying its vertical injection (poloidal) angle and clarified that the horizontal NBI drives the toroidal rotation most efficiently. By utilizing the radial current torque, we have elucidated that in a steady state the toroidal rotation is determined by the balance among the torque, the viscosity, the friction with neutrals and the loss of momentum due to charge exchange.
Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Takizuka, Tomonori; Oya, Kaoru*; Inai, Kensuke*; Nakano, Tomohide; Takayama, Arimichi*; Kawashima, Hisato; Hoshino, Kazuo
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 12 Pages, 2008/10
The self-consistent coupling of an MC impurity code IMPMC to a divertor code SOLDOR/NEUT2D is succeeded by overcoming the intrinsic problems of Monte Carlo (MC) modelling for impurity transport. MC modelling for impurity transport is required in order to take into account the kinetic effect and the complex dissociation processes of hydrocarbons. The integrated divertor code SONIC enables us to investigate the details of impurity transport including erosion/redeposition processes on the divertor plates by further coupling of an MC code EDDY. The dynamic evolution of X-point MARFE observed in JT-60U is investigated. The simulation results indicate that the hydrocarbons sputtered from the dome contribute directly to the enhanced radiation near the X-point. Without the recycling, the kinetic effect of the thermal force improves the helium compression, compared with the conventional (fluid) evaluation. This effect is, however, masked by the recycling at the divertor targets.
Snyder, P. B.*; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Beurskens, M.*; Groebner, R. J.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hughes, J. W.*; Huysmans, G. T. A.*; Kamada, Yutaka; Kirk, A.*; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Investigation of intermediate wavelength MHD modes has led to improved understanding of important constraints on the pedestal height and the mechanism for ELMs. The combination of high resolution pedestal diagnostics and a suite of highly efficient stability codes, has made edge stability analysis routine on several major tokamaks, contributing both to understanding, and to experimental planning and performance optimization. Here we present extensive comparisons of observations to predicted edge stability boundaries on several tokamaks, both for the standard ELM regime, and for small ELM and ELM-free regimes. We further use the stability constraint on pedestal height to test models of the pedestal width, and self-consistently combine a simple width model with MHD stability calculations to develop a new predictive model (EPED1) for the pedestal height and width. This model is tested against experimental measurements, and used in initial predictions of the pedestal height for ITER.
Moriyama, Shinichi; Kobayashi, Takayuki; Isayama, Akihiko; Terakado, Masayuki; Sawahata, Masayuki; Suzuki, Sadaaki; Yokokura, Kenji; Shimono, Mitsugu; Hasegawa, Koichi; Hiranai, Shinichi; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
In the gyrotron development in JT-60U ECRF system, output power of 1.5 MW for 1 s has been achieved at 110 GHz. It is the world highest power oscillation 
1 s. In addition to the carefully designed cavity and collector in view of thermal stress, an RF shield for the adjustment bellows, and a low-dielectric-loss DC break enabled this achievement. Power modulation technique by anode voltage control was improved to obtain high modulation frequency and 5 kHz has been achieved for NTM stabilizing experiments. Long pulse demonstration of 0.4 MW, 30 s injection to the plasma has been achieved with real time control of anode/cathode-heater. It has been confirmed that the temperature of cooled components were saturated and no evidence of damage were found. An innovative antenna having wide range of beam steering capability with linearly-moving-mirror concept has been designed for long pulse. Beam profile and mechanical strength analyses shows the feasibility of the antenna.
Hayashi, Nobuhiko; Takizuka, Tomonori; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Oyama, Naoyuki; Ozeki, Takahisa; Wiesen, S.*; Parail, V.*
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
5D Vlasov simulationIdomura, Yasuhiro; Tokuda, Shinji; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Urano, Hajime
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
A new global gyrokinetic toroidal full- five dimensional Vlasov simulation GT5D is developed based on the gyrokinetic theory and the linear Fokker-Planck collision operator. In a normal shear tokamak, source driven ion temperature gradient turbulence simulations are performed, and turbulent transport and profile evolutions are evolved over a collision time. It is found that a significant part of the heat flux is carried by avalanches in source free regions, where stiff temperature profiles are sustained. In this region, the equilibrium radial electric field 
becomes significantly larger than the neoclassical level, and its shear strongly affects the directions of the avalanche propagation and the momentum flux. A non-diffusive momentum flux due to the shear is observed and non-zero (intrinsic) toroidal rotation is sustained without momentum input near the axis.
plasmasMatsunaga, Go; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Aiba, Nobuyuki; Shinohara, Koji; Takechi, Manabu; Suzuki, Takahiro; Fujita, Takaaki; Isayama, Akihiko; Oyama, Naoyuki; Asakura, Nobuyuki; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Urano, Hajime; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Suzuki, Takahiro; Fujita, Takaaki; Kamiya, Kensaku; Isayama, Akihiko; Kamada, Yutaka; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Oyama, Naoyuki; Matsunaga, Go; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Dependence of the H-mode confinement and pedestal structure on the plasma current is investigated. Higher energy confinement is obtained in higher 
H-mode. The profiles of the core 
and 
are tends to be peaked. The H-factor for the core plasma depends strongly on . Higher energy confinement obtained at higher is attributed to the core confinement improvement. The edge pedestal pressure is not significantly changed by core current density profile. In both 
ramp and scan experiments, the core energy confinement is improved by the increased core 
value. The effect of magnetic shear on the confinement should be investigated in next step study.
Giruzzi, G.*; Park, J. M.*; Murakami, M.*; Kessel, C. E.*; Polevoi, A.*; Sips, A. C. C.*; Artaud, J. F.*; Basiuk, V.*; Bonoli, P.*; Budny, R. V.*; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Nakano, Tomohide; Kubo, Hirotaka; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Shimizu, Katsuhiro; Higashijima, Satoru
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
It has been found that tungsten accumulation becomes more significant with increasing plasma rotation velocity against the plasma current direction, where negative radial electric field is formed. In a high density plasma at 62% of the Greenwald density, the tungsten accumulation levels decreased significantly, suggesting a shielding effect of the peripheral plasma. It has been found that 
is produced by the volume recombination of 
and the ionization of 
comparably. In contrast, the volume recombination of is not detected, and the ionization flux of is less than 1% of the generation flux. Thus, this result suggests that another loss mechanism of such as transport loss from the 
-point is significant.
Ueda, Yoshio*; Fukumoto, Masakatsu*; Watanabe, Jun*; Otsuka, Yusuke*; Arai, Takashi; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Nobuta, Yuji*; Sato, Masayasu; Nakano, Tomohide; Yagyu, Junichi; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Deposition profiles of tungsten released from the outer divertor were studied in JT-60U. A neutron activation method was used for the first time to accurately measure deposited tungsten. Surface density of tungsten in the thick carbon deposition layer can be measured by this method. Tungsten was mainly deposited on the inner divertor (around inner strike points) and on the outer wing of the dome. Toroidal distribution of the W deposition was significantly localized near the tungsten released position, while other metallic impurities such as Fe, Cr, Ni were distributed more uniformly. These data indicate that inward drift in the divertor region played a significant role in tungsten transport in JT-60U.
Takenaga, Hidenobu; Oyama, Naoyuki; Urano, Hajime; Sakamoto, Yoshiteru; Kamiya, Kensaku; Miyo, Yasuhiko; Nishiyama, Tomokazu; Sasajima, Tadayuki; Masaki, Kei; Kaminaga, Atsushi; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Characteristics of internal transport barrier (ITB) have been investigated under reactor relevant condition with edge fuelling and electron heating in JT-60U weak shear plasmas. High confinement was sustained at high density with edge fuelling by shallow pellet injection or supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI). The ion temperature (
) in the central region decreased even with edge fuelling. The 
decrease with edge fuelling was larger inside the ITB than that outside the ITB, which can be described by cold pulse propagation using the ion thermal diffusivity (
) estimated from power balance analysis in the SMBI case. By optimizing the injection frequency and the penetration depth, the decreased was recovered and good ITB was sustained with enhanced pedestal pressure. The -ITB also degraded significantly when stiffness feature was strong in the electron temperature (
) profile against electron cyclotron heating (ECH). The value of in the ITB region increased with the electron thermal diffusivity (
), indicating existence of clear relation between ion and electron thermal transport. On the other hand, -ITB unchanged or even grew, when stiffness feature was weak in the profile. Density fluctuation level seemed to be unchanged during ECH, however, correlation length became longer in the -ITB degradation case and shorter in the -ITB unchanging case.
Nakashima, Yosuke*; Higashizono, Yuta*; Kawano, Hirokazu*; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Asakura, Nobuyuki; Oyama, Naoyuki; Kamada, Yutaka
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
This paper describes the results of pedestal characteristics in H-mode plasmas of JT-60U based on neutral transport simulation using the DEGAS Monte-Carlo code. A three-dimensional (3-D) mesh structure including isolated dome, baffle and divertor plates is precisely built-up and the simulation space is extended from SOL to core plasma region. In this simulation background plasma parameters and the intensity of particle flux on the divertor plates are determined from the UEDGE plasma code. The dependence of plasma density on the neutral penetration and ionization area were investigated in two cases of ELMy H-mode discharge with gas puffing and without gas puffing. The simulation results showed noticeable differences in 1/e scale length in the neutral penetration and in ionization width near edge transport barrier region. Dependence of the plasma density from the pedestal edge to SOL region on the ionization region and the 3-D effect of local gas puffing are discussed in terms of neutral transport.
Tanaka, Kenji*; Takenaga, Hidenobu; Muraoka, Katsunori*; Michael, C.*; Vyacheslavov, L. N.*; Yokoyama, Masayuki*; Yamada, Hiroshi*; Oyama, Naoyuki; Urano, Hajime; Kamada, Yutaka; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
Comparative studies were carried out in LHD heliotron and JT-60U tokamak plasmas to elucidate the most essential parameter(s) for control of density profiles in toroidal systems. A difference in the collisionality dependence was found between the two devices. In LHD, the density peaking factor decreased with decrease of the collisionality at the magnetic axis position (R
) 3.6 m, while the density peaking factor gradually increased with a decreased of collisionality at R = 3.5 m. On the other hand, in JT-60U, the density peaking factor clearly increased with a decrease of the collisionality. The difference in the collisionality dependence between R = 3.5 and R = 3.6 m is likely due to the contribution of the anomalous transport. At R = 3.5 m, larger anomalous transport caused a similar collisionality dependence. Change of the fluctuation property was observed with different density profiles in the plasma core region on both devices. In JT-60U, the increase of the radial coherence was observed with higher density peaking profile suggesting enhanced diffusion and inward directed pinch. For a magnetic axis positions (R) at 3.6 m in LHD, the increase of the fluctuation power with an increase in P
was observed for a hollow density profile suggesting an increase on diffusion due to anomalous processes. Change of density profiles from peaked to hollow indicates change in the convection direction. This is due to increase in neoclassical processes. The reduction of the density peaking factor with increase of P in LHD is partly due to the neoclassical effect and partly due to the anomalous effect.
Kashiwagi, Mieko; Taniguchi, Masaki; Dairaku, Masayuki; DeEsch, H. P. L.*; Grisham, L. R.*; Svensson, L.*; Tobari, Hiroyuki; Umeda, Naotaka; Watanabe, Kazuhiro; Sakamoto, Keishi; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
At JAEA, beam parameters achieved by the MAMuG (multi-aperture multi-grid) accelerator were increased to 0.32 A H
at the ion current density of 140 A/m
and 796 keV at the beam energy. This was achieved as the result of countermeasures to handle unexpected heat load by backstream positive ions. A test of SINGAP (single-aperture single-gap) accelerator, which was performed at JAEA under an ITER R&D task agreement. The objective of this study was to compare the two different accelerator concepts (SINGAP and MAMuG) at the same test facility. As the result, it was concluded that the MAMuG accelerator was more suitable for the ITER NBI because of its better voltage holding and less electron acceleration. A simulation is in progress for space charge repulsion of beamlets in the JT-60U accelerator. An aperture offset steering was suggested effective at exit of extractor for compensation of the beamlet deflection due to its own space charge.
Sips, A. C. C.*; Casper, T. A.*; Doyle, E. J.*; Giruzzi, G.*; Gribov, Y.*; Hobirk, J.*; Hogeweij, G. M. D.*; Horton, L. D.*; Hubbard, A. E.*; Hutchinson, I.*; et al.
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
The ITER discharge evolution has been verified in dedicated experiments. Results show that breakdown at E
0.23-0.32 V/m is possible un-assisted (ohmic) for large devices like JET and attainable in all devices with ECRH assist. For the current ramp up, good control of the plasma inductance is obtained using a full bore plasma shape with early X-point formation. Operation of the H-mode reference scenario at q
= 3 and the hybrid scenario at q95=4-4.5 during the flat top phase was documented. Specific studies during the flat top phase provide data for the li evolution after the H-mode transition and the li evolution after a back-transition to L-mode. During the ITER ramp down it is important to remain diverted and to reduce the elongation.
Kishimoto, Yasuaki; Miki, Kazuhiro*; Li, J. Q.*; Miyato, Naoaki; Wang, Z. X.*; Anderson, J.*
Proceedings of 22nd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (FEC 2008) (CD-ROM), 8 Pages, 2008/10
A new class of transient transport near the critical gradient (CG) referred to as GAM growing intermittency due to the collision-less GAM damping has been found based on Landau-fluid simulation. Here, we present a new predator-prey model to understand the essential features of the growing intermittency. We have also extended the simulation model by taking into account the collisional zonal flow (ZF) damping. Due to the mixture of two kinds of damping mechanisms, i.e. the GAM damping and collisional damping, the growing intermittency is found to recursively appear accompanied with complex envelope modulation to ZFs over collisional (or transport) time scale. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of zonal pressure (ZP) near the CG, which also works as a dissipation mechanism. The multiple dissipation mechanisms are found to synergetically couple each other and lead plasmas to complex dynamical transport over long time scale.
